· The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS)
Started : 25th august 2005
Aim-: providing at least 150 days of guaranteed wage employment in a
financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled
manual work. It also mandates 33 per cent participation for women. The primary
objective of the scheme is to augment wage employment.
Started
by : rural development department
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Swavalamban
mINISTRY OF HUMAN
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Under the scheme, Government will contribute
Rs. 1000 per year to each NPS account opened in the year 2010-11 and for the
next three years, that is, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14. The benefit will be
available only to persons who join the NPS with a minimum contribution of Rs.
1,000 and maximum contribution of Rs. 12,000 per annum.
· Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY)
is an initiative launched
by the Government of India to provide sustainable income to poor
people living in rural areas of the country. The scheme was launched on April
1, 1999.
The SGSY aims at providing self-employment to villagers through the establishment
of Self-help groups.
Activity clusters are established based on the aptitude and skill of the people
which are nurtured to their maximum potential. Funds are provided by NGOs, banks and financial institutions.
Launched by : ministry of
rural development
A self-help group (SHG) is a village-based financial
intermediarycommittee usually composed of 10–20 local women or men.
A mixed group is generally not preferred. Most self-help groups are located in
India, though SHGs can also be found in other countries, especially in South
Asia and Southeast Asia.
Members make small regular savings contributions over a few
months until there is enough capital in the group to begin lending. Funds may
then be lent back to the members or to others in the village for any purpose.
In India, many SHG's are 'linked' to banks for the delivery ofmicro-credit.
Microcredit is the
extension of very small loans (microloans) to impoverished borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history.
It is designed not only to support entrepreneurship and alleviate poverty, but
also in many cases to empower women and uplift entire communities by extension.
In many communities, women lack the highly stable employment histories that
traditional lenders tend to require. Many are illiterate, and therefore unable
to complete paperwork required to get conventional loans..
Swabhimaan
(campaign)
Swabhimaan is a
campaign of the Government of India which aims to bring banking services to large rural areas
without banking services in the country. It was launched by Smt. Sonia Gandhi,
No frill accounts(like for student accounts,
poor people ,salaried accounts with zero balance)
Launch year : on February 10, 2011
Sarva
Shiksha Abhiyan
making free and compulsory education to
children of ages 6–14 (estimated to be 205 million in number in 2001) a fundamental right.
By hrd department
sTarted 2001
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)
The
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) was launched on 1 October, 2007 to
provide smart card-based cashless health insurance cover of Rs 30,000 per
family per annum to BPL families (a unit of five) in the unorganized sector.
The scheme became operational from 1 April, 2008.
The
premium is shared on 75:25 basis by the Centre and State Governments. In the
case of States of the north-east region and Jammu and Kashmir, the premium is
shared on 90:10 basis. The scheme provides for smart card portability by splitting
the card value for migrant workers.
RSBY has been launched by
Ministry of Labour and Employment,
·
,
namely the RSBY providing health insurance, and Indira Gandhi National Old Age
Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) providing old age pension, may be extended to building
and other construction workers, MGNREGA workers, Asha workers, Anganwadi
workers and helpers, porters/coolies/gang men, and casual and daily wagers.
primary objective of the PMGSY is to provide
connectivity by way of an all weather road to the eligible un-connected
habitations in the rural area, in such a way that all un-connected habitations
with a population of 500 persons and above are to be covered in plain area
The Government of India launched the Pradhan
Mantri Gram SadakYojan (PMGSY) on 25th December 2000 under the
Ministry of Rural Development,
Midday
Meal Scheme
is a programme of the Government of India designed to improve the nutritional status of school-age children nation wide.[1] The programme supplies free lunches
on working days for children in Primary and Upper Primary Classes in
Government,
by hrd dept.
Rural Infrastructure and Development
The
Government of India has accorded highest priority to building rural
infrastructure with objective of facilitating a higher degree of rural-urban
integration and for achieving an even pattern of growth for the poor and
disadvantaged sections of society.
Some
of the initiatives taken by the Government to facilitate building of rural
infrastructure and development include the PMGSY, Bharat Nirman, Total
Sanitation Campaign, and NRHM.
Bharat Nirman
This
Program, launched in 2005-06 for building infrastructure and basic amenities in
rural areas, has six components, namely rural housing, irrigation potential,
drinking water, rural roads, electrification, and rural telephony. It is an
important initiative for reducing the gap between rural and urban areas and
improving the quality of life of people in rural areas.
Rural Roads
Rural
Roads have been identified as one of the six components of Bharat Nirman and a
goal has been set to provide connectivity to all villagers with a population of
1000 (500 in hilly or tribal areas) with all-weather roads. New connectivity is
proposed to be provided to a total of 54,648 habitations under Bharat Nirman.
This will involve construction of 1,46,184 km of rural roads. In addition to
new connectivity, Bharat Nirman envisages upgradation/renewal of 1,94,130 km of
existing rural roads.
Rural Drinking Water
Supply
of safe drinking water in uncovered, slipped back and quality-affected
habitations is one of the components of Bharat Nirman. Habitations with arsenic
and fluoride content in water have been accorded highest priority followed by
those with iron, salt, and nitrate content.
In
order to give effect to the policy initiatives mentioned in the Eleventh Five
Year Plan document, the guidelines for the rural water supply Program have been
revised. The revised Program called the National Rural Drinking Water Program
(NRDWP) has a budgetary provision of Rs. 9000 crore for 2010-11 against which
Rs. 7103.56 crore has been utilized so far.
Considering
the importance of the Bharat Nirman Program and its implementation status at
the end of 2008-09, the Government has extended Phase II of the Program up to
2012. The implementation status of the NRDWP under Bharat Nirman Phase II shows
that against a physical target of 76,316 habitations to be covered up to
2010-11, a total of 43,193 habitations have been covered as on 31 December
2010. All the uncovered and quality-affected habitations that may still be
uncovered by the end of 2010-11 are targeted to be covered during 2011-12.
Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
The
Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), a seven year Program
launched in December 2005, provides financial assistance to cities for
infrastructure, housing, development, and capacity development. Two of its four
components-Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) for 65 select cities and
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program (IHSDP) for other cities and
towns-are devoted to shelter and basic service needs of the poor.
The
Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) also emphasis the
implementation of the following three mandatory pro –poor key reforms to
enhance the capacity of urban local bodies (ULBs):
Ø Internal
earmarking within local body budgets for basic services to the urban poor;
Ø Earmarking
at least 20-25per cent of development land in all housing projects (both public
and private agencies) for the economically weaker section (EWS)/ lower income
group (LIG) category; (iii) implementation of seven–point charter for provision
of seven basic entitlements/services.
As
the first national flagship Program For urbanization, the JNNURM has
significantly triggered the creation of many innovative ideas in States that
will increase their ability to maintain the momentum of the urban
transformation they have initiated.
JANANI
SURASKA YOJANA. To reduce maternal deaths of women started 12th
april 2005 by health and family department ministry
Janani Suraksha Yojana was launched in April
2005
Indira
Awaas Yojana
It is one of the major flagship programs of the
Rural Development Ministry to construct houses for BPL population in the
villages. is a social welfare programme, created by the Indian
Government, to provide housing for the rural poor in India by ministry of rural
development.
Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)
The
Government has announced the vision of a ‘slum-free India’ through a new
scheme, the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY). Subsequently to this announcement,
extensive consultations have been held with various Ministries, experts, State
Governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), financial and urban experts,
and private industry to frame the guidelines. These draft guidelines have been
critically appraised by an expert committee. The preparatory phase of RAY,
called the slum Free City Planning Scheme has been implemented.
.
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
Significant
progress has been made since the UIDAI was created through a notification
issued by the Government in January 2009. Phase-II of the UIDAI now referred to
as the “Aadhaar Program” commenced in July 2010 for enrolling 10 crore
residents through multiple registrars and for setting up of other
infrastructural requirements for the project phase of five years ending March
2014.
The
scheme was formally launched on 29 September, 2010 at Thembali village of
Nandurbar district in Maharashtra when all the residents in the village were
enrolled making it the first ‘Aadhaar Gaon’. All the 35 States and UTs have signed
a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the UIDAI. MoUs have also been signed
with the Ministry of Human Resource Development,
Ministry
of Rural Development, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Department of
Post, 23 Public Sector Banks, the Life Insurance Corporation of India, Indira
Gandhi national Open University, and the National Coalition of Organizations
for Security of Migrant workers.
The
UIDAI is partnering with financial institutions to both augment enrolments
through them and to provide bank accounts to residents during Aadhar enrolment.
Enrolment statistics indicate that about 80 percent of residents have
given consent for opening bank accounts during enrolment. In order to simplify
the process of opening Aadhaar-enabled bank accounts for the marginalized
population, the Aadhar-based Know Your Resident (KYR) leading to issue of
Aadhaar numbers has been accepted as a equivalent to banks’ Know Your Customer
(KYC) norms.
Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 (RTE
Act)
Free
education to all children between the age of 6 and 14 years has been made a
fundamental right under the RTE Act 2009. While the RTE Act was notified o 27
August, 2009 for general information, the notification for enforcing the
provisions of the Act with effect from 1 April, 2010 was issued on 16 February,
2010.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
The
scheme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), a national flagship program, is being
implemented in all districts of the country. The aim of SSA is to provide
useful and relevant elementary education for all children in the 6-14 age group
by 2010. The scheme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was launched in 2001.
The
goals of SSA are as follows:
All
6-14 age children in school/EGS(Education Guarantee Scheme) centre/Bridge
Course by 2005.
Bridge
all gender and social category gaps at primary stage by 2007 and at elementary
education level by 2010.
Universal
retention by 2010.
Focus
on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for
life.
The
assistance under the program of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was on a 85:15
sharing arrangement during the Ninth Plan, 75:25 sharing arrangement during the
Tenth Plan, and 50:50 sharing thereafter between the Central Government and the
State Government except for 8 NE states, where 15% of the assistance is met by
Ministry of DONER for the two years 2005-06 and 2006-07.
Mid- Day Meal Scheme
With
a view to enhance enrollment, retention and attendance and simultaneously
improving nutritional levels among children, the National Program of
Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NPNSPE) was launched as a Centrally
Sponsored Scheme on 15th August, 1995 initially in 2408 blocks
in the country. By the year 1997-98 the NPNSPE was introduced in all blocks of
the country.
Under
the Program cooked mid-day meal is provided to all the children attending
Classes I-VIII in Government, Local body, Government aided and National Child
Labor Project schools. At present the cooked midday meal provides an energy
content of 450 calories and protein content of 12 grams at primary stage and an
energy content of 700 calories and protein content o f20 grams at upper primary
stage. Adequate quality of micro-nutrients like iron, folic acid and vitamin A
are also recommended for convergence with the NRHM.
National Literacy Mission
The
National Literacy Mission, set up in May 1988, aims to attain a sustainable
threshold level of 75 per cent literacy by 2007 by imparting functional
literacy to non-literates in the age group of 15-35 years, which is the
productive and reproductive age group and constitutes a major segment of the
work force.
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
The
RMSA was launched in March 2009 with the objective of enhancing access to
secondary education and improving its quality. The implementation of the scheme
started from 2009-10. It envisages raising the enrolment rate at secondary
stage from 52.56 per cent in 2005-06 to 75 per cent within five years by
providing a secondary school within reasonable distance of any habitation.
The
Central Government and State Government bear 75 per cent and 25 per cent of the
project expenditure respectively during the Eleventh Five Year Plan. The
funding pattern is in the ratio 10:10 for the North- Eastern States.
Saakshar Bharat
In
the context of the Government’s overall policy aimed at empowerment of women
and in recognition of the fact that literacy is a prerequisite for
socioeconomic development, the National Literacy Mission has been recast as
‘Saakshar Bharat’ with prime focus on female literacy. This flagship program of
the Government will cover all adults in the age group of 15 and above through
its primary focus will be on women.
The
Jan Shiksha Kendras (adult education centers-AECs) will be set up to coordinate
and manage all programs within their territorial jurisdiction. The state
governments, as against the districts in the earlier versions, and Panchyati
Raj institutions, along with communities, will be the valued stakeholders. The
budgetary support has also been substantially enhanced.
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
The
NRHM was launched in 2005 to provide accessible, affordable, and accountable
quality health services to rural areas which emphasis on poor persons and
remote areas. It is being operationalised throughout the country, with special
focus on 18 states, which include 8 empowered action groups rates (Bihar,
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Odisha,
and Rajasthan), 8 north-eastern States, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and
Kashmir.
The
NRHM aims to provide an overarching umbrella to the existing programs of Health
and Family Welfare including the Reproductive Child Health Project (RCH-II) and
Malaria, Blindness, Iodine Deficiency, Filarial, Kala Azar, TB, Leprosy, and
Integrated Disease Surveillance Programs by strengthening the public health
delivery system at all levels. Further, the Mission addresses the issue of
health in the context, of a sector – wide approach addressing sanitation and
hygiene, nutrition, and safe drinking water as the basic determinants of good
health. Keeping this in view, it seeks greater convergence among the related
social-sector departments, namely AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy), Women & Child Development, Sanitation,
Elementary Education, Panchayati Raj, and Rural Development.
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
The
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at reducing
maternal and infant mortality rates and increasing institutional deliveries in
below poverty line (BPL) families. The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) which falls
under the overall umbrella of National Rural Health Mission (External website
that opens in a new window), covers all pregnant women belonging to households
below the poverty line, above 19 years of age and up to two live births.
The
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), launched in 2003, modifies the existing National
Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS). While the National Maternity Benefit Scheme
(NMBS) was connected with providing a better diet for pregnant women from below
poverty line (BPL) families, the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) integrates help
in the form of cash with antenatal care during pregnancy period, institutional
care during delivery as well as post- partum care.
Two
critical mechanisms of maternal death reviews and name based tracking of every
pregnant women and child immunized have been initiated to bring down the
maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. The name based tracking system
will result in creating a database of all pregnant women with their address and
telephone numbers. The Mother and Child tracking system are already operational
in Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu whilst the other States are in the
implementation phase.
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)
The
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) has been launched with the
objectives of correcting regional imbalances in the availability of
affordable/reliable tertiary healthcare services and augmenting facilities for
quality medical education in the country. The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha
Yojana (PMSSY) has two components in its first phase.
The
first phase is the setting up of six All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS) like institutions. The of residential complexes in Rishikesh and Patna
is expected to be completed by March 2011 whereas in Bhopal and Bhubaneswar, it
is likely to be completed by June 2011 and August 2011 respectively.
The
second is up-gradation of 13 existing Government Medical College Institutions.
Civil works under this component have been completed in the Medical Colleges in
Trivandrum, Salem, Bangalore, and Lucknow, and is on the verge of completion in
Hyderabad, Kolkata, Jammu, Triupati, and Mumbai, and in Varanasi, Srinagar,
Ahmadabad, and Ranchi are likely to be completed by mid-2011.
In
the second phase of the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) , two
more AIIMS-like institutions will be set up and up-gradation of six more
medical colleges is being taken up.
Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS)
This
was launched in 1975 for holistic development of children below 6 years of age
and for proper nutrition and health education of pregnant and lactating mothers
with 33projects and 4891 anganwadi centers (AWCs). It has been continuously
expanded to uncovered areas and has now been universalized with the Government
of India cumulatively approving 7076 projects and 14 lakh AWCs including 20,
000 anganwadis ‘on demand’.
Apart
from universalizing the ICDS Scheme, the Government has taken various steps,
such as revision in financial norms of existing interventions including the
Supplementary Nutrition Program (SPN), revision in nutritional and feeding
norms of supplementary nutrition, and introduction of new WHO growth standards.
In
the addition, the Government of India also introduced cost-sharing between the
Center and State from 2009-10 in the ratio of 90:10 for all components
including the SNP for the north-east. This ratio will be 50:50 for the SNP and
90:10 for all other components for all States other than north-east.
Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) or
SABLA Scheme
The
Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) or SABLA
Scheme was launched on 19 November, 2010 with the objective of empowering
adolescent girls in the age group 11-18 years by bringing improvement in their
nutritional and health status and up-grading various skills like home skills,
life skills, and vocational skills.
To
start with, it will be implemented in 200 selected districts across the country
on a pilot basis. The Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls
(RGSEAG) or SABLA Scheme would be implemented through State Governments/ UT
Administrations with 100 per cent financial assistance from the Central
Government for all inputs other than nutrition provision for which 50 per cent
Central assistance to states/UTs would be provided.
Anganwadi
Centers will be the focal point for delivery of services. Nearly 100 lakh
adolescent girls in 200 districts are expected to be benefited per annum under
the scheme. In these 200 districts, Kishori Shakti Yojna (KSY) and the
Nutrition Program for Adolescent Girls (NPAG) have been merged in the Rajiv
Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) or SABLA Scheme. In
the remaining districts, the Kishori Shakti Yojna (KSY) will continue as
before.
Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS)
The
Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) was launched in 2009-10 with the
objective of providing a safe and secure environment for comprehensive
development of children in the country who are in need of care and protection
as well as children in conflict with the law.
The
Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) provides preventive and statutory
care and rehabilitation services to any vulnerable child including, but not
limited to, children of potentially vulnerable families and families sat risk,
families living in extreme poverty, families at risk, children of socially
excluded groups like migrant families, families living in extreme poverty,
families subjected to or affected by discrimination and minorities, children
infected and / or affected by HIV/AIDS, orphans, child drug abusers, children
of substance abusers, child beggars, trafficked or sexually exploited children,
children of prisoners, and street and working children.
The
scheme is Centrally Sponsored and is being mainly implemented through state
Governments / UT Administrations from 2009-10 and 33 states / UTs have signed
the MOUs for implementation of this Scheme.
Bal Bandhu
Bal
Bandhu Scheme (BBS) for protection of children in areas of civil unrest is
being implemented through the National Commission for Protection of Child
Rights (NCPCR) with the great Sanctioned from the Prime Minister’s National
Relief Fund.
Ujjawala
Ujjawala
, a comprehensive scheme for prevention of trafficking with five specific components
(prevention, rescue, rehabilitation, reintegration, and repatriation of
victims) was launched on 4 December, 2007. Under this scheme, 134 projects
including 73 rehabilitation homes, spread over 16 states, have been sanctioned.
National Mission For Empowerment of Women (NMEW)
The
National Mission For Empowerment of Women (NMEW) has been set up with a view to
empowering Women socially, economically, and educationally. The Mission aims to
achieve empowerment of women on all these fronts by securing convergence of
schemes / programs of different Ministries / Departments of the Government of
India as well as State Governments.
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
The
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is a scheme by government of India to
achieve 4% growth rate in agriculture during the Eleventh Five year Plan
(2007-2012).
The
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) will be implemented in the coming year
(2011-12) with a budget of Rs. 7860 crore and nine Sub-schemes. Three of the
sub-schemes were introduced in 2010-11 and will be continued this year also.
The sub-schemes are as follows:
Extending
Green Revolution to the Eastern Region of the Country Sub-scheme targets
improvement in the rice based cropping system in 7 states. Promotion of OIL
Palm seeks to give special attention will be paid to oil palm as it is one of
the most efficient oil crops. Initiative on Vegetables Clusters will establish
an efficient supply chain to make quality vegetables available at competitive
prices. Nutri-cereals will promote balanced nutrition and higher production of
bajra, jowar, ragi and other millets in the arid and semi-arid regions of the
country. Integrated Development of 60,000 Pulses Villages in Rain fed Areas
aims at attending self-sufficient in production of pulses within the next three
years.
National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)
The
National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), is one of the major new initiatives
under the Ministry of Rural Development to bring the poorest of the poor above
the poverty line by ensuring viable livelihood opportunities to them was
launched by the UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi at a function in Banswara,
Rajasthan on June 3, 2011.
The
Mission aims to ensure that at least one member from identified rural poor
household, preferably a woman, is brought under the Self Help Group (SHG)
network in a time bound manner. The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)
would reach out, mobilize and support 7 Crore Below Poverty Line (BPL) households
across 600 districts, 6000 blocks, 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats in 6 lakh villages
across the country into their self-managed Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their
federal institutions and livelihoods collectives.
It
would support them financially and institutionally in their efforts to get them
out of poverty. The poor would be helped to achieve increased access to their
rights, entitlements and public services, diversified risk and better social
indicators of empowerment.
The
National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) has been mandated to ensure adequate
coverage of vulnerable sections of the society such that 50 % of the
beneficiaries are SC/STs, 15% are minorities and 3% are persons with
disability, while keeping in view the ultimate target of 100% coverage of Below
Poverty Line (BPL) families. A unique feature of the new initiative is that it
would be led by the poor themselves.
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS)
Prime
Minister Manmohan Singh on 19 November, 2007 launched the Indira Gandhi
National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) for providing a monthly pension to
people over 65 years and living below the poverty line. The Center would give a
monthly pension of Rs. 200 to each beneficiary and expects the States to
contribute an equal amount.
The
Union Cabinet on June 9, 2011 approved lowering the age limit for the Indira
Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) from 65 years to 60 years and
increasing the rate of pension from Rs. 200 to Rs. 500 to persons of 80 years
and above. The revised norms would come into effect from 1 April, 2011.
For
availing the benefit of this scheme, the age of the applicant ( male and female
) shall be 60 years or higher. The applicant must also belong to a household
below poverty line.
Now,
the central assistance under Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme
(IGNOAPS) will be provided at the rate of Rs. 200 per month per beneficiary in
the age group of 60 – 79 years and Rs. 500 per month per beneficiary for
beneficiaries who are 80 years and above.
With
rapid urbanization, breakdown of the joint family system, growth of nuclear
families and increasing longevity, the elderly people were finding it difficult
to sustain themselves. In the midst of all this, the launching of the Indira
Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) is considered as a good step.
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